Category: Active Imagination

Go Play Inside: Cultivating a Compelling Inner Life, Three Ways

Chasing external sources of happiness may have failed you, as ultimately our deepest satisfaction comes from within. But often when people turn their attention inward, they don’t like what they find. Dr. Leslie Ellis offers three ways to constructively engage with your inner life.

We all know the road to greater life satisfaction has more to do with how we feel on the inside than with any external riches we may gather, whether they be material possessions, good looks or accomplishments. We all know we should meditate, connect with our deeper self and learn to be content with life as it is right now, rather than waiting for some imagined future where everything will be wonderful again. However, many who turn their attention inward don’t like what they find: stress, inner criticism or maybe just a blank space that isn’t all that engaging.

In my 20 years as a psychotherapist, I have developed a number of simple and constructive ways to check inside that my clients tell me have changed their lives for the better. My goal is always to make my suggestions simple, doable and effective regardless of what might be going on in outside life, where so much of what happens is clearly beyond our control. At least with our inner world, we have some ability to temper and modulate our responses.

Managing stress: your inner tachometer

Getting stress levels under control is the first priority for so many of us. My sense, in working with so many clients with anxiety or depression, is that stress levels are chronically high, and we are not always aware of it. If you are in this boat, I suggest imagining an inner tachometer — and for those who don’t drive a car with a standard transmission, this means the device the measures the RPM of the engine. It idles in the green zone, works hard in the orange zone and can do damage in the red zone.

Try it now: where is your inner tachometer? Those who suffer from chronic stress spend too much time in the red zone. If you tend to take on too much and are always too busy, try to assess decisions about whether or not to add something more to your plate by the state of your inner tachometer. If it’s pushing toward red, do something to bring it down. Say no to the extra commitment, or to packing your appointments so close together you are always rushing. An engine that stays in the green zone lasts longer and our bodies are like that engine. We can’t always control the RPM, but this simple exercise in awareness can shift the tendency to rev on the red line too often.

Befriending yourself: taming the inner critic

The next thing many people find when they look inside, once they have taken the RPMs down a notch, is a nasty, critical voice that seems to find just the right thing to say to undermine confidence and stall forward momentum. Everyone has a version of this, an inner authority figure that combines parental, teacher and employer’s voices to tell us all the ways we are not measuring up. DON’T take it seriously! For many, it is a revelation when I tell them this voice doesn’t speak the truth. It is an artefact of childhood, and the more challenging our early years were, the harsher this voice will be.

A good test: how would you feel if a friend spoke to you in this tone of voice? You would rightfully be insulted and push back. Do the same with your inner critic. Since our brains are wired to focus more on the negative, you need to counter this tendency with something positive. Recruit an inner cheerleader to debate with the critic. Imagine what your best friends and biggest fans would say in response. Engage in an inner debate, don’t just agree with your critic, and you will begin to loosen its hold.

Recruit the critic. Ask yourself what the purpose of this inner critic might be. Inner reflection shows they tend to be afraid for us, want us to succeed, and want us to be motivated. You could start an inner dialogue with the critic and request that it find a better way to talk to you. As you would with a child, tell it to ask nicely for what it wants. Find a way to change its tune so it becomes more of an ally. Give it a name, learn its theme song, and listen only when the music sounds pleasing. Otherwise, change the channel, turn your attention elsewhere.

Attend to your dreams: your inner barometer

One of the most accessible ways to develop a rich inner life is to engage with your dreams. We all dream a feature film’s worth of dreams every night, although only a fraction is ever recalled. But if you pay attention to your dreams, write them down and ponder them, they become easier to recall and begin to speak to you directly from your deepest self.

Many people tell me they don’t recall their dreams, or if they do, they can’t make sense of them. One way to understand dreams is as picture-metaphors of whatever feelings are currently most important. Dreams are not meant to be understood as a linear story, but more as an image of your inner life. Spending time with the felt sense of the images in your dreams, drawing pictures of them, telling others about them and carrying them with you like an essential question will often open up the dream and bring you critical information from your authentic inner self. In short, do not ignore your dreams! Instead of trying to figure them out, let them come alive inside you, and ponder them as you would a poem or piece of art.

To sum up, we’ve covered three simple ways to engage more with your inner life. The first two suggestions are aimed at making it more attractive to look inside — since stress and the inner critic are two of the main reasons many of us prefer not to look inward. The third suggestion, to listen to your dreams, has the potential to open up a richly imaginative world that is a huge untapped resource in your journey toward your deeper self. Dreams regulate our emotions, point to what matters most, and can be our best guide on our life’s journey. They can also be funny, creative and compelling, all the more reason to go play inside.

For those interested in helping clients (or yourself) further to tame the inner critic and cultivate constructive and helping mind meandering, sign up for our free seminar online, coming Sept. 6.

Daydreaming is Our Baseline State, Not Something to Avoid

We spend half of our waking lives daydreaming. This may or may not be a good thing – it depends what your daydreams are like.

A Harvard study on daydreaming entitled ‘A Wandering Mind is an Unhappy Mind’ may be giving daydreaming a bad rap. In a culture dominated by a drive for productivity, there is a sense that allowing our minds to wander freely hampers focus and the ability to get things done. This is why derogatory terms such as ‘spacing out’, ‘intrusive’ or ‘non-relevant’ thinking and ‘cognitive control failure’ are used to describe this normal human activity.

Naomi Kimmelman presented these ideas at the recent conference for the International Association for the Study of Dreams (IASD). She suggested that it is the kind of wandering your mind does that determines whether it’s helpful or not. Renowned daydream researcher Jerome Singer differentiated three styles of daydreaming: positive-constructive, guilty-dysphoric and poor attentional control. Cleary, the first category is a helpful state to be in, while the latter two are not.

Much of the research into daydreaming has focused on its negative attributes, but one study (McMillan, Kaufman & Singer, 2013) examined the question, how can something we spend half our time doing be so bad for us? In fact, their review of the research shows that in the brain’s ‘default mode’ we are consolidating memories, planning, problem solving, being creative and making meaning of the events of our lives. The authors highlight a review by Immordino-Yang et al. (2012) that stresses the importance of ‘constructive internal reflection’ for the development of a range of social and emotional skills such as moral reasoning, empathy, compassion and meaning-making.

The main thing to note from the plethora of daydream research in the past decade is that daydreaming is not inherently bad or good, but rather, it depends on how you daydream. For example, one study (Mar, 2012) found that daydreaming about close friends promoted a sense of social support, while daydreaming about strangers emphasized feelings of loneliness. The ‘guilty-dysphoric’ type of rumination identified by Singer is associated with depression.

It is a paradox that how you allow your mind to wander matters, when by definition, it’s a state of mind we don’t control. However, awareness of such states and deliberate active imagination practices may allow our wandering minds to stay in the creative states that are so helpful. Of course, we need to strike a balance between daydream and focused attention so we are able to rein in our meandering thoughts when we truly need to focus on the task at hand.

It helps to know that we can only focus part of the time. In another conference presentation about dreaming in the context of work life, Dr. Rubin Naiman noted that our minds naturally go through an oscillation between basic rest and activity (BRAC), even when we are working. During a work day, we will spend perhaps 70% of the time in a left-brain-dominant task-oriented mode and the rest of the time in a more right-hemispheric dreamy state. There is no point or reason to fight this or to think of ourselves as ‘lazy’ or ‘unfocused’ if our attention drifts off about a third of the time. It is normal, and impossible not to daydream, even while at work.

Both presentations underscore the importance of and ubiquity of daydreaming – it gives us a mental break, fosters creativity and allows us to view the world with a larger perspective. It slips us into a state of being rather than doing, a state that as a culture, we might want to value more.  I will close with a quote by Cheri Huber that Naiman shared: Please don’t do yourself the disservice of thinking there is anything you can do that is more important than just being.

Want to learn more about how to ensure your mind wanders along creative and helpful paths, rather than down the spiral of rumination and worry? We are offering a free (pay-what-you-can) seminar on Sept. 6, 2023 at 10am PACIFIC – and it will available as a recording if you miss it or can’t attend live. 

References

Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science330(6006), 932-932.

Mar, R. A., Mason, M. F., & Litvack, A. (2012). How daydreaming relates to life satisfaction, loneliness, and social support: The importance of gender and daydream content. Consciousness and cognition21(1), 401-407.

McMillan, R. L., Kaufman, S. B., & Singer, J. L. (2013). Ode to positive constructive daydreaming. Frontiers in psychology4, 626.

Singer, J. L. (1975). The inner world of daydreaming. Harper & Row.

Active Imagination: How and Why

For Those Who Don’t Dream, Invite Waking Dreams

If you are someone who doesn’t recall many dreams, and yet would like to engage with your dream life more deeply, there are a couple of solutions. I typically offer tips for improving dream recall but another option is to cultivate waking dreams. If you are persistent with this practice, you could even start your own ‘Red Book’ by crafting a record of your inner process.

I recently hosted a webinar on Active Imagination. I began by leading participants in an imaginal journey designed to create a rich, experiential and dream-like sequences. (A recording is available if you missed it.) I asked for a few to share their experiences and what emerged were surprising, helpful and deeply-moving scenarios, as evocative as any dream. (This imaginative process is also great for those who do recall dreams and want to engage further with them.)

Jung himself said that the products of active imagination are identical to dreams: “Image and meaning are identical; and as the first takes shape, so the latter becomes clear.” (Jung on Active Imagination, 1977.)

 

Jung on How To Cultivate Active Imagination

Those who don’t recall dreams may also find it hard to allow imagination to flow. This comes with practice and by making the most of the initial wisps of image that arrive in your mind’s eye, fleshing them out and inquiring into them. You could try Jung’s advice from his “Letters to Mr. O” about how use any image as a leaping-off place for your imagination, whether it be from a dream, memory or fantasy:

“Start with any image, for instance just with that yellow mass in your dream. Contemplate it and carefully observe how the picture begins to unfold or to change. Don’t try to make it into something, just do nothing but observe what its spontaneous changes are… note all these changes and eventually step into the picture yourself, and if it is a speaking figure, then say what you have to say to that figure and listen to what he or she has to say.”

As you let the dream image flow forward, don’t worry if it feels like you’re making it up – that’s what imagination is! Just do your best to give the image its autonomy. You will know you’re on the right track when what emerges surprises you.

 

Imaginal Dialogue as a Writing Exercise

Another great way to have a conversation with an image is by writing from both sides of the conversation. This way you also have a written record of it that you can reflect upon further. I treat it a bit like writing a poem – I find if I write a line, the next one tends to arrive on its own if I am patient and open enough.

In the Imaginal Dialogue practice, prepare by settling in your mind and body, create a sense of calm and safety that you can return to if needed. Write your name, a colon and then an opening greeting to your image. On the next line, write the name or descriptor of the character you want to engage with, then visualize the dream image in detail and wait for it to respond. You may see them speaking in your mind’s eye, hear a voice in your head, or just ‘know’ what the image says.

Here is an example using a classic intruder nightmare:

Dreamer: Can I ask you some questions?

Bandit: Make it quick, I’m in a hurry, and I don’t want to get caught here.

Dreamer: But you’re breaking into my house! What are you looking for?

Bandit: I’ve lost my family, lost my mind, trying to find a way home…

Dreamer: Do you think you will find it in my house?

Bandit: There was a warm glow from the window, I could hear laughter….

 

It’s not unusual for a threatening dream figure to open up and soften as was beginning to happen in this example. It can be a way to befriend an apparently hostile dream character. However, the process is hard to predict, so I always recommend starting with a calm mind and body and a sense of positive intention. Let the dialogue flow to a natural stopping place. Pick it up again if desired.

Jung had long, ongoing conversations with his imaginal figures, artfully recorded in his now-famous Red Book. He suggested his patients make their own version, capturing their inner life in words and images with care and beauty.  A patient of his recalled Jung saying such a book “will be your church, your cathedral – the silent places of your spirit where you will find renewal.”

 

Does This Process Have a Purpose?

A woman in the webinar asked me if we have a goal in mind as we engage with active imagination. I said no, it’s best to leave the end-game open and let the implicit unfold without directing it. Having a goal presumes the destination before we let our inner life speak. Our imaginal characters may have an alternative set of priorities that could be woven into our own in a way that changes our trajectory. The process creates shifts, but not the logical or predictable ones associated with goal-setting.

If not a goal, then, Active Imagination can have a purpose, one that has the potential to connect us with our own greater purpose. The images that come in contemplative moments speak to us across time and drop us deep. This can be an antidote to the barrage of instant messaging and 60-second sound bites that prevail in modern media, distracting us from our depths.

Jung told his patient not to listen to anyone critical of her personal red book project: “If you listen to them, you will lose your soul – for in that book is your soul.”

 

For more about how to work with active imagination, the full 90-minute webinar is available here. This is the third in three-part series that include finding help in a dream, and embodying dream elements. Recordings are available for all 3 sessions for a nominal fee.